Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by abnormal and permanent dilation of the bronchi, persistent cough, airway inflammation and infection. It is caused by a range of clinical disorders including infections, genetic disorders, immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions. The airway inflammation results in increased mucus production, reduced mucus clearance and airway obstruction, which in turn leads to microbial colonisation of the airways, infection and structural lung damage.   

The worldwide prevalence of bronchiectasis is estimated to be between 53 and 566 cases per 100,000 people, and the condition is increasing in older adults. The clinical symptoms, including chronic cough, increased sputum production, shortness of breath and reduced exercise tolerance, contribute to a poor health-related quality of life. Costs to the health system are significant. 

Physiotherapists play an integral role in managing bronchiectasis. The main treatment goals include control and alleviation of symptoms, reduction in the incidence of acute episodes and prevention of disease progression. Physiotherapy interventions include airway clearance techniques, pulmonary rehabilitation, respiratory muscle training and more. 

In her Journal of Physiotherapy Invited Topical Review, Dr Annemarie Lee provides a comprehensive summary of the aetiologies and clinical presentation of bronchiectasis, the corresponding burden on both individuals and the healthcare system, and key components of care, with a focus on physiotherapy interventions. Future directions for research and practice are also discussed.

For more information and to read the entire Invited Topical Review article, click here.

This blog is a Physiotherapy Research Foundation (PRF) initiative.

Dr Annemarie Lee APAM is an experienced cardiorespiratory physiotherapist and researcher who completed her PhD at The University of Melbourne in 2009. She previously taught in the Bachelor of Physiotherapy program and led the cardiorespiratory teaching program in the Doctor of Physiotherapy at The University of Melbourne, while working clinically at Alfred Health. She undertook an international Postdoctoral fellowship (supported by the Canadian Respiratory Research Network) at West Park Healthcare Centre and University of Toronto, Canada.
Annemarie co-developed the Bronchiectasis Toolbox and Strong Lungs websites, resources for health professionals for the management of people with bronchiectasis, including First Nations Australians.