The life expectancy of people born with Down syndrome has dramatically increased in the last century from nine to 60 years, primarily as a result of earlier surgical correction of heart defects, improved treatment of infections and advancements in healthcare. Despite these positive outcomes, there remains continued risk of early onset of chronic health conditions in adults with Down syndrome, most notably cognitive decline commencing in their early 40s.

Although incontinence is generally considered a women’s health issue, incontinence in men is a common condition that may lead to significant health consequences if left untreated.

In her Journal of Physiotherapy Invited Topical Review, Dr Irmina Nahon explores the prevalence and burden of male incontinence, including the differences between male and female incontinence, current management and future directions for research and practice.